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          <trans-title>Environmental Management Issues</trans-title>
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      <issn pub-type="epub">3034-3461</issn>
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      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">161</article-id>
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        <article-title xml:lang="ru">&#x418;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x435;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x44F; TNR &#x43A;&#x430;&#x43A; &#x43E;&#x441;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430; &#x441;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44B; &#x43F;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430;&#x434;&#x438;&#x433;&#x43C;&#x44B; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x44E;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x432;: &#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x44F; &#x446;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x438; &#x44D;&#x43A;&#x43E;-&#x441;&#x43E;&#x446;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x44F; &#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x447;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430; &#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x44D;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x438; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x448;&#x435;&#x43A;</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>TNR integration as a basis for a paradigm shift in shelters: practical value and eco-social significance of an innovative method of ovariohysterectomy of cats</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="author">
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            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Izmailova</surname>
              <given-names>Anna V.</given-names>
            </name>
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          <email>youputyu@gmail.com</email>
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          <institution content-type="orgname">&#x414;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x443;&#x434;&#x430;&#x440;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x430;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x443;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x441;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x442;</institution>
        </aff>
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          <institution content-type="orgname">Far Eastern State Agrarian University</institution>
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      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="epub">
        <day>15</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2025</year>
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      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>8</fpage>
      <lpage>19</lpage>
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        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-04">
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          <month>04</month>
          <year>2025</year>
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      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>&#x412; &#x446;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x440;&#x435; &#x432;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x434;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x438;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;, &#x44F;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x44E;&#x449;&#x435;&#x433;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x443;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x43C; &#x434;&#x43B;&#x44F; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x443;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x438;, &#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D; &#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x433;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x445;&#x43E;&#x434; &#x43A; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x435;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x43D;&#x435;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x44D;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x438; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445; &#x434;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x448;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x445; &#x436;&#x438;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; RU2396923C2 &#x432; &#x441;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x443; TNR (Trap-Neuter-Return) &#x43A;&#x430;&#x43A; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x438;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x435; &#x433;&#x443;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430; &#x443;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43F;&#x443;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x446;&#x438;&#x44F;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x431;&#x435;&#x437;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x436;&#x438;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445;. &#x41E;&#x441;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x435; &#x432;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x443;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x435;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x43C;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x438;, &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44F;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x43A; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x448;&#x430;&#x447;&#x44C;&#x438;&#x43C; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43F;&#x443;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x446;&#x438;&#x44F;&#x43C;, &#x447;&#x442;&#x43E; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x435;&#x442; &#x433;&#x43B;&#x443;&#x431;&#x436;&#x435; &#x438;&#x437;&#x443;&#x447;&#x438;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x435;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x435; &#x430;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x44B;. &#x412;&#x43F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x432;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x438;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43F;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x441;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x430;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x437; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x447;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x44D;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x438; &#x432; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x437;&#x430;&#x449;&#x438;&#x442;&#x44B; &#x431;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x433;&#x43E;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x443;&#x447;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x436;&#x438;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445;, &#x441; &#x443;&#x447;&#x435;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x44D;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445;, &#x441;&#x43E;&#x446;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x438; &#x44D;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445; &#x444;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;, &#x430; &#x442;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x436;&#x435; &#x43A;&#x443;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x438; &#x44D;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43E;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x439; &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;, &#x447;&#x442;&#x43E; &#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x435;&#x442; &#x44D;&#x442;&#x43E; &#x438;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x43C; &#x448;&#x430;&#x433;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x432; &#x434;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x441;&#x444;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;.</p>
      </abstract>
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        <p>The focus of this study, which is unique for scientific practice, is an original approach to the integration of innovative non-traumatic ovariohysterectomy of small domestic animals RU2396923C2 into the TNR (Trap-Neuter-Return) system as the most humane method of managing stray animal populations. The main focus is on the model applied to feline populations, which allows for a deeper study of its features and practical aspects. For the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the practical significance of this technique in the field of animal welfare protection is being conducted, taking into account environmental, social and economic factors, as well as cultural and ecosystem characteristics of different countries, which makes this study an innovative step in this field.</p>
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        <kwd>TNR</kwd>
        <kwd>humane control</kwd>
        <kwd>ovariohysterectomy (sterilization) of cats</kwd>
        <kwd>ecosystem</kwd>
        <kwd>animal welfare</kwd>
        <kwd>environmental ethics.</kwd>
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        <kwd>TNR</kwd>
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        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted without external funding.</funding-statement>
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</article>
