<?xml version="1.0"?>
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" dtd-version="1.4" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/xsd/JATS-archivearticle1.xsd" xml:lang="ru">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="ojs">et</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">&#x412;&#x43E;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x44B; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Environmental Management Issues</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">3034-3461</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>&#x418;&#x43D;&#x434;&#x438;&#x432;&#x438;&#x434;&#x443;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C; &#x41F;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x437;&#x438;&#x43D; &#x41C;.&#x41C;.</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://etreview.ru/index.php/et"/>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">166</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25726/i1111-6981-6065-r</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group xml:lang="ru" subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>&#x418;&#x41D;&#x424;&#x41E;&#x420;&#x41C;&#x410;&#x426;&#x418;&#x42F; &#x418; &#x423;&#x41F;&#x420;&#x410;&#x412;&#x41B;&#x415;&#x41D;&#x418;&#x415;</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">&#x41C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44B; &#x43E;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x434;&#x435;&#x444;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x445;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x438;&#x437;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x439; &#x438;&#x437; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x438; &#x438;&#x445; &#x441;&#x43F;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x441; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x449;&#x44C;&#x44E; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x43C;&#x430;&#x448;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x437;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Methods for determining surface defects of products made of metals and their alloys using machine vision methods</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="author">
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>&#x427;&#x443;&#x444;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;</surname>
              <given-names>&#x418;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D; &#x412;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x440;&#x44C;&#x435;&#x432;&#x438;&#x447;</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Chufarov</surname>
              <given-names>Ivan V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
          <email>73ivan@mail.ru</email>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
        <aff xml:lang="ru">
          <institution content-type="orgname">&#x423;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x44F;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x443;&#x434;&#x430;&#x440;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x442;&#x435;&#x445;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439; &#x443;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x441;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x442;</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff xml:lang="en">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Ulyanovsk State Technical University</institution>
        </aff>
      </aff-alternatives>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="epub">
        <day>15</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>61</fpage>
      <lpage>64</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">&#xA9; 2025 &#x412;&#x43E;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x44B; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">&#xA9; 2025 Environmental Management Issues</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">&#x412;&#x43E;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x44B; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Environmental Management Issues</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" xml:lang="ru">
          <license-p>&#x42D;&#x442;&#x43E; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x438;&#x437;&#x432;&#x435;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x434;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x443;&#x43F;&#x43D;&#x43E; &#x43F;&#x43E; &#x43B;&#x438;&#x446;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x437;&#x438;&#x438; Creative Commons &#xAB;Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives&#xBB; (&#xAB;&#x410;&#x442;&#x440;&#x438;&#x431;&#x443;&#x446;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x2014; &#x41D;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x440;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x435; &#x438;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x2014; &#x411;&#x435;&#x437; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x438;&#x437;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x438;&#x437;&#x432;&#x435;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x439;&#xBB;) 4.0 &#x412;&#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x44F;.</license-p>
        </license>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
        <license license-type="open-access" specific-use="metadata" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/" xml:lang="ru">
          <license-p>&#x41C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x430;&#x434;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x44F;&#x449;&#x435;&#x439; &#x437;&#x430;&#x43F;&#x438;&#x441;&#x438; &#x440;&#x430;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x44F;&#x44E;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x443;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x438;&#x44F;&#x445; Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (&#x43F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x430;&#x447;&#x430; &#x432; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x449;&#x435;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x435; &#x434;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x44F;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;).</license-p>
        </license>
        <license license-type="open-access" specific-use="metadata" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>The metadata of this record are distributed under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://etreview.ru/index.php/et/article/view/166"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>&#x412;&#x44B;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43D; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x440; &#x430;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x443;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x437;&#x430;&#x434;&#x430;&#x447;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x438;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x430; &#x434;&#x435;&#x444;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x445;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x438;&#x437;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x439; &#x438;&#x437; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x438; &#x438;&#x445; &#x441;&#x43F;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x43C;&#x430;&#x448;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x437;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;. &#x420;&#x430;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44B; &#x43E;&#x441;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x433;&#x440;&#x443;&#x43F;&#x43F;&#x44B; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x43C;&#x430;&#x448;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x437;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x434;&#x43B;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x438;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x430; &#x434;&#x435;&#x444;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x445;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x438;&#x437;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x439; &#x438;&#x437; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x438; &#x438;&#x445; &#x441;&#x43F;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x432;. &#x420;&#x430;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44B; &#x43E;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x438;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x430; &#x434;&#x435;&#x444;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x445;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x438;&#x437;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x439; &#x438;&#x437; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x438; &#x441;&#x43F;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x43F;&#x43E; &#x441;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44E; &#x441; &#x434;&#x440;&#x443;&#x433;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x445;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x44F;&#x43C;&#x438;. &#x41F;&#x43E;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x437;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x44B; &#x442;&#x440;&#x443;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438;, &#x441; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x44B;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x43C;&#x43E;&#x436;&#x43D;&#x43E; &#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43A;&#x43D;&#x443;&#x442;&#x44C;&#x441;&#x44F;, &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44F;&#x44F; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44B; &#x433;&#x43B;&#x443;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x443;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x438;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x435; &#x434;&#x435;&#x444;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x445;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x438;&#x437;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x439; &#x438;&#x437; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x438; &#x438;&#x445; &#x441;&#x43F;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x438; &#x441;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x44B; &#x438;&#x445; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x445;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430;.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The review of the relevance of the problem of searching for surface defects of products made of metals and their alloys by machine vision methods is performed. The main groups of machine vision methods for searching for defects on the surface of metal products and their alloys are considered. The features of the search for defects on the surface of products made of metals and alloys in comparison with other surfaces are considered. The difficulties that can be encountered using deep learning methods when searching for defects on the surface of products made of metals and their alloys and ways to circumvent them are shown.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>machine vision</kwd>
        <kwd>surface defects</kwd>
        <kwd>metals and their alloys</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>&#x43C;&#x430;&#x448;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x435; &#x437;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;</kwd>
        <kwd>&#x434;&#x435;&#x444;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x44B; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x445;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438;</kwd>
        <kwd>&#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x43B;&#x44B; &#x438; &#x438;&#x445; &#x441;&#x43F;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x432;&#x44B;</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">&#x418;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x432;&#x44B;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43E; &#x431;&#x435;&#x437; &#x432;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x448;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x444;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x441;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted without external funding.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
      <counts>
        <page-count count="4"/>
      </counts>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>metadata-license</meta-name>
          <meta-value>
            <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0</ext-link>
          </meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <back>
    <ref-list xml:lang="ru">
      <title>&#x421;&#x43F;&#x438;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x43A; &#x43B;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x430;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440;&#x44B;</title>
      <ref id="R1">
        <mixed-citation>&#x410;&#x43D;&#x434;&#x440;&#x438;&#x44F;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x41D;.&#x410;., &#x414;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x44C;&#x435;&#x432; &#x412;.&#x415;., &#x422;&#x430;&#x448;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439; &#x410;.&#x413;. &#x41E;&#x431;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x443;&#x436;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x44A;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x438;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x436;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x438;: &#x43E;&#x442; &#x43A;&#x440;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x438;&#x435;&#x432; &#x411;&#x430;&#x439;&#x435;&#x441;&#x430; &#x438; &#x41D;&#x435;&#x439;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x2013;&#x41F;&#x438;&#x440;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x43A; &#x434;&#x435;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43C; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x431;&#x430;&#x437;&#x435; &#x43D;&#x435;&#x439;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x441;&#x435;&#x442;&#x435;&#x439; EfficientDet // &#x41A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43F;&#x44C;&#x44E;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x44F; &#x43E;&#x43F;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x430;. 2022. &#x422;. 46. &#x2116; 1. &#x421;. 139-159.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R2">
        <mixed-citation>&#x414;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x44C;&#x435;&#x432; &#x412;.&#x415;., &#x421;&#x430;&#x432;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x420;.&#x410;., &#x421;&#x443;&#x435;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43D; &#x41C;.&#x41D;., &#x41F;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x448;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x410;.&#x413;. &#x421;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x430; &#x440;&#x430;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x440;&#x435;&#x436;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x439; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x446;&#x438;&#x439; // &#x410;&#x432;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x438;&#x437;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x446;&#x435;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x443;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;. 2021. &#x2116;2(2021). &#x421;. 40-45.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R3">
        <mixed-citation>Chuande Zh., Zhenyu L., Zhongliang L., Minghui M., Yonghu T., Kewen X., Kang L., Haliun Z. Metal surface defect detection based on improved YOLOv5 // Scientific reports. 2023. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-47716-2</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R4">
        <mixed-citation>Chen Ya., Ding Yu., Zhao F., Zhang E., Wu Zh., Shao L. Surface defect detection methods for industrial products: a review // Applied science. MDPI. 2021. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/16/7657</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
