Устойчивое развитие сельских районов является ключевым приоритетом государственной политики Китая. Несмотря на значительный прогресс, достигнутый в последние десятилетия, многие проблемы, такие как растущее неравенство, деградация окружающей среды и слабая инфраструктура, по-прежнему требуют решения. Цель данного исследования – разработать комплексную стратегию долгосрочного развития сельских территорий Китая, учитывающую экономические, социальные и экологические факторы. Методы. Исследование опирается на многомерный анализ статистических данных, документов стратегического планирования и результатов полевых исследований в 12 провинциях Китая. Для оценки потенциала и ограничений развития сельских районов применяется комбинация методов экономического моделирования, ГИС-картографирования и экспертных оценок. Репрезентативность выборки обеспечивается использованием стратифицированной многоступенчатой процедуры отбора на основе официальных данных переписи населения. Результаты. Предложена типология сельских районов Китая, учитывающая уровень экономического развития, демографические тренды и состояние экосистем. Выявлены ключевые факторы, определяющие траектории развития каждого типа территорий. Разработана дифференцированная стратегия устойчивого развития, предполагающая приоритетную поддержку депрессивных районов и ограничение экологической нагрузки в зонах интенсивного роста. Дискуссия. Полученные результаты вносят значимый вклад в теорию и практику стратегического управления развитием сельских территорий, предлагая новый подход к балансировке экономических, социальных и экологических приоритетов. Дальнейшие исследования должны быть направлены на операционализацию предложенной стратегии и оценку её долгосрочных эффектов.
Sustainable rural development is a key priority of China's public policy. Despite significant progress made in recent decades, many challenges such as growing inequality, environmental degradation, and weak infrastructure still need to be addressed. The purpose of this study is to develop a comprehensive strategy for the long–term development of rural areas in China, taking into account economic, social and environmental factors. Methods. The study is based on a multidimensional analysis of statistical data, strategic planning documents, and field research results from 12 provinces in China. A combination of economic modeling, GIS mapping, and expert assessments is used to assess the potential and constraints of rural development. The representativeness of the sample is ensured by using a stratified multi-stage selection procedure based on official census data. Results. A typology of rural areas in China is proposed, taking into account the level of economic development, demographic trends and the state of ecosystems. The key factors determining the development trajectories of each type of territories have been identified. A differentiated strategy for sustainable development has been developed, which assumes priority support for depressed areas and limiting the environmental burden in areas of intensive growth. Discussion. The obtained results make a significant contribution to the theory and practice of strategic management of rural development, offering a new approach to balancing economic, social and environmental priorities. Further research should be aimed at operationalizing the proposed strategy and evaluating its long-term effects.
Sustainable rural development is a key priority of China's public policy. Despite significant progress made in recent decades, many challenges such as growing inequality, environmental degradation, and weak infrastructure still need to be addressed. The purpose of this study is to develop a comprehensive strategy for the long–term development of rural areas in China, taking into account economic, social and environmental factors. Methods. The study is based on a multidimensional analysis of statistical data, strategic planning documents, and field research results from 12 provinces in China. A combination of economic modeling, GIS mapping, and expert assessments is used to assess the potential and constraints of rural development. The representativeness of the sample is ensured by using a stratified multi-stage selection procedure based on official census data. Results. A typology of rural areas in China is proposed, taking into account the level of economic development, demographic trends and the state of ecosystems. The key factors determining the development trajectories of each type of territories have been identified. A differentiated strategy for sustainable development has been developed, which assumes priority support for depressed areas and limiting the environmental burden in areas of intensive growth. Discussion. The obtained results make a significant contribution to the theory and practice of strategic management of rural development, offering a new approach to balancing economic, social and environmental priorities. Further research should be aimed at operationalizing the proposed strategy and evaluating its long-term effects.