Integration of satellite and ground-based monitoring with industrial sensors for rapid detection of environmental violations in pipeline infrastructure

Abstract

The article substantiates the need to move from fragmented observation practices to a unified integrated monitoring system for pipeline infrastructure that combines Earth-observation satellite data, targeted UAV inspections, and telemetry from industrial SCADA sensors to promptly detect environmental non-compliance and minimize environmental damage. The aim is to quantitatively assess gains in timeliness, reliability, and economic efficiency achieved through synergistic analysis of heterogeneous data streams on a model section of a 470-km trunk oil pipeline (Western Siberia, 2021-2023). Materials comprise multispectral and SAR imagery from Sentinel-2/1 and Landsat 8/9 archives (>5 TB), 28 UAV sorties with RGB/thermal/hyperspectral sensors, and minute-resolution SCADA series of pressure, flow, temperature, and acoustics (>150 million records), integrated in a GIS platform with a Python processing pipeline; methods include correlation - regression and spatiotemporal clustering analysis, classification (SVM, Random Forest), and validation against 12 confirmed incidents. The integrated system is shown to cut mean incident detection time by nearly an order of magnitude versus mono-satellite monitoring (2,7 h vs 24,3 h) and by 18x relative to traditional ground-air approaches, with comparable accuracy of initial identification (96,5% vs 98,2%) and a 4-7x reduction in the probability of missing small leaks; decomposition of temporal lags records compression of the event-decision cycle from 34-198 to 1,8-4,3 h. Strong cross-source linkages are confirmed: r=0.89 between pressure-drop amplitude and thermal-anomaly area, r=0.94 between calculated leak volume and thermal footprint; NDVI exhibits a lagging response (r=0.48 p больше 0.05). The economic assessment (per 1,000 km/year) indicates a 41,17% reduction in monitoring OPEX, a drop in average leak volume from 14,7 to 1,9 t (-87,07%), and avoided damage of about 307,2 million RUB; the net annual economic effect amounted to roughly 297.7 million RUB. The discussion highlights that the SCADA to EO to UAV trigger chain delivers proactivity and scalability, and further development lies in applying predictive analytics and digital twins for preventive risk management.