Philological study of folk tales and traditions in the context of traditional ecological knowledge

Abstract

The article examines the philological study of folk tales and traditions as a source of traditional ecological knowledge. Folk oral art plays an important role in preserving ecologically significant information encoded in culture, traditions, and worldview. The work is aimed at identifying the relationship between the artistic texts of folklore and the ecological consciousness of traditional societies. The analysis was based on a theoretical and methodological approach that combines the methods of philological analysis (structural, thematic and semantic interpretation of texts) and elements of ecological anthropology. Samples of folk tales and traditions of various ethnic groups representing a rich ethno-cultural diversity were used as the studied materials. The study showed that traditional ecological knowledge is deeply integrated into the legends and traditions passed down from generation to generation. The texts reflect ideas about natural phenomena, ecological balance, and norms of human interaction with the environment. Key symbols and images such as forest, water, and animals that carry valuable ecological content have been identified. Special attention is paid to subjects related to conservation of resources, proper agriculture and harmonious coexistence with nature. It is noted that this knowledge took the form of accessible and emotionally intense narratives, which facilitated their memorization and translation. Philological analysis demonstrates that legends and traditions can be considered as a tool for environmental literacy and strengthening ties with the natural environment. The results obtained emphasize the importance of preserving the oral heritage as part of the intangible cultural wealth, which is relevant in the context of modern environmental challenges. Folk tales and traditions are a unique repository of environmental knowledge. Their study through philological methods contributes to a better understanding of cultural patterns of interaction with nature and can become a resource for the development of modern environmental initiatives.